The scientists were recognized 'for their discoveries concerning peripheral immune tolerance,' that is, for researching the immune system's ability not to attack the body's tissues. The laureates identified the 'guards' of the immune system — regulatory T-cells, which prevent immune cells from attacking our own body.
'Their discoveries have had a decisive impact on our understanding of how the immune system functions and why not all of us develop serious autoimmune diseases,' said Olle Kempe, chairman of the Nobel Committee.
This discovery stimulates the development of treatments for cancer and autoimmune diseases. It may also lead to more successful transplants. Some of these treatments are currently undergoing clinical trials
The Prize in Physiology or Medicine is the first of six Nobel Prizes to be awarded this year. Each prize is awarded for the groundbreaking contribution of an individual or organization in a specific field.